No: 04
1.
Experiment
vision:
To
write a program on the concept of Multiple
and Multilevel inheritance.
2.
OBJECTIVE:
Program to implement multiple and multilevel inheritance in C++.
3.1
THEORY:
-
Inheritance
-
One of the most important concepts in object-oriented programming is that of inheritance. Inheritance allows us to define a class in terms of another class, which makes it easier to create and maintain an application. When creating a class, instead of writing completely new data members and member functions, the programmer can designate that the new class should inherit the members of an existing class. This existing class is called the base class, and the new class is referred to as the derived class.
-
The idea of inheritance implements the is a relationship. For example, mammal IS-A animal, dog IS-A mammal hence dog IS-A animal as well and so on.
-
Base & Derived Classes
-
A class can be derived from more than one classes, which means it can inherit data and functions from multiple base classes. To define a derived class, we use a class derivation list to specify the base class(es). A class derivation list names one or more base classes and has the form:
class
derived-class: access-specifier base-class;
-
Where access-specifier is one of public, protected, or private, and base-class is the name of a previously defined class. If the access-specifier is not used, then it is private by default.
-
Multilevel Inheritance
-
The mechanism of deriving a class from another derived class is known as multilevel inheritance.
3.2PROGRAM:
1)
Following
is an example which makes use of multilevel inheritance:
#include
<iostream>
using
namespace std;
class
student
{
protected:
int
rollno;
char
name[20];
public:
void
getinfo()
{
cout<<"\nEnter info about student";
cin>>rollno>>name;
}
void
putinfo()
{
cout<<"\nrollno="<<rollno<<"\nname="<<name;
}
};
class
test:public student
{
protected:
int
sub1,sub2;
public:
void
getmarks(int x,int y)
{
sub1=x;
sub2=y;
}
void
putmarks()
{
cout<<"\nsub1="<<sub1<<"\nsub2="<<sub2;
}
};
class
result:public test
{
int
total;
public:
void
display()
{
putinfo();
putmarks();
total=sub1+sub2;
cout<<"\n
Total="<<total;
}
};
int
main()
{
result r;
r.getinfo();
r.getmarks(27,28);
r.display();
return
0;
}
3.3
OUTPUT:
4.1
THEORY:
-
Multiple inheritances
-
A class can inherit the attributes of two or more classes. This is known as multiple inheritances. Multiple inheritances allow us to join the features of a number of existing classes as a starting point for defining new classes. It is like a child inheriting the physical features of one parent and the brainpower of another.
4.2
PROGRAM:
2)
Following
is an example which makes use of multiple inheritance.
#include
<iostream>
using
namespace std;
class
B
{
protected:
float
b;
public:
void
getb()
{
cout<<"\n
Enter basic salary=";
cin>>b;
}
};
class
DA
{
protected:
float
da;
public:
void
getda()
{
cout<<"\nEnter
DA=";
cin>>da;
}
};
class
HRA
{
protected:
float
hra;
public:
void
gethra()
{
cout<<"\nEnter
HRA=";
cin>>hra;
}
};
class
Gross:public B,public DA,public HRA
{
private:
float
gs;
public:
void
getgs()
{
gs=b+da+hra;
cout<<"\nGross
salary="<<gs;
}
};
int
main()
{
Gross
g;
g.getb();
g.getda();
g.gethra();
g.getgs();
return
0;
}
4.3.
OUTPUT:
5.
conclusion:
Thus
a
C++ program by using multiple and multilevel inheritance has
been executed successfully.
6.
PRECAUTIONS:
1.
Avoid wrong keywords.
2.
Check whether all brackets are closed properly or not.
3.
Take desired output.
4.
In case of abnormal results, Contact
the teacher/instructor, repeat the
experiment,
and check the algorithm and program.
7.
REMARK:
Inheritance
provides reusability of existing class.
It saves the programmer time to design same code again and again. So
indirectly saves money.
9.
Discussion
Questions:
1)
What Is Inheritance& It’s Types?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2)
Differentiate Between Multiple & Multilevel Inheritance.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3)
What is single level inheritance? Explain with example.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4)
What are the advantages of inheritance?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5)
Explain the ambiguity in multiple inheritance.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
No comments:
Post a Comment